配音是为影片或多媒体加入声音的过程,指配音演员替角色配上声音,或以其它语言代替原片中角色的语言对白。同时由于声音出现错漏,由原演员重新为片段补回对白的过程亦称为配音。
基础准备
人在自然状态下发出的声音就是本音,由于声带处于放松状态,气息顺畅,所以说话最不费力,声音也往往最好听。寻找本音的两种办法分别是放松说话和打哈欠,其中打哈欠是最常用、最有效的。可以通过跟读新闻的方式训练普通话,一连坚持几个月,普通话绝对会有明显的提升。
配音前需要找准剧情发展的脉络,理解剧中人物的感情,摸清人物的气质音色,知道人物的地位作用,才能准确生动地为原片中的角色配音。
口部操
是指运用吐字器官不出声的活动,使各器官获得灵活控制能力的一种方法。它用人工设计的各种动作来加强吐字器官的肌肉力量和精细控制能力。口腔操是锻炼脸部的肌肉,保证咬字清晰。气息练习是为了练习腹部核心的肌肉,保证气息到位。
口的练习
张嘴时像打哈欠(打槽牙、挺软腭),闭嘴时如啃苹果(松下巴),练习主要是为口的开合打基础,要领是开口的动作要柔和,不要像平时真的打哈欠一样,两嘴角尽量向斜上方抬起,上下嘴稍放松,舌自然放平。
唇的练习
喷:也称作双唇后打响,双唇紧闭,将唇的力量集中于后中纵线三分之一的部位,唇齿相依,不裹唇,阻住气流,然后突然连续喷气出声,发出P、P、P的音。
咧:将双唇闭紧尽力向前噘起,然后将嘴角用力向两边伸展。(咧嘴),反复进行。
撇:双唇后闭紧向前噘起,然后向左歪、向右歪、向上抬、向下压。
绕:双唇闭紧向前噘听起,然后向左或向右作60度的转圈运动。
舌的练习
刮舌:舌尖抵下齿背,舌体贴住齿背,随着张嘴,用上门齿齿沿刮舌叶、舌面,使舌面能逐渐上挺隆起,然后,将舌面后移向上贴住硬腭前部,感觉舌面向头顶上部“百会”穴的位置立起来。这一练习对于打开后声腔和纠正.“尖音”、增加舌面隆起的力量很有效。口腔开度不好的人、舌面音J、 Q、X发音有问题的人可以多练习。
顶舌:闭唇.用舌尖顶住左内颊、用力顶,似逗小孩儿嘴里有糖状,然后,用舌尖顶住右内岬颊做同样练习。如上左右交替、反复练习。
伸舌:将舌伸出唇外,舌体集中、舌尖向前、向左右、向上下尽力伸展。这一练习主要练习使舌体集中、舌尖能集中用力。”
绕舌:闭唇,把舌尖伸到齿前唇后,向顺时针方向环绕360度,然后向逆时针方向环绕360度,交替进行。
立舌:将舌尖向后贴住左侧槽牙齿背,;然后将舌沿齿背推至门齿中缝。使舌尖向右侧力翻。然后做相反方向的练习。这一练习对于改进边音L的发音有益。
舌打响:将舌尖顶住硬腭、用力持阻,然后突然弹开,发出类似“的"(de)的响声。或者舌根抬起至软硬腭交界处,体会用力发“嘎”(ga)音。
捣舌:把一个像枣核一样的物体,竖放在舌面上。比如说,一个橄榄核,一个枣核,或者一小块糖,两头正对着前舌,这是竖放,用舌面挺起的动作使它翻转起来,这样反复进行。
绕口令
声母练习
普通话声母的发音过程有三个阶段:成阻、持阻、除阻。声母的发音部位不同,吐字时的着力点就不一样,比如b、P、m,发音时着力点在双唇,d、t的着力点在舌尖,靠舌尖的弹力。因此发声母时不要拖长,要咬住、弹开。我们在每段绕口令题旁都标有b、p、m、d、t、n、l、g、k、s、sh等声母字样来说明此段绕口令是专门训练所标声母的绕口令。
八百标兵(b、p)
八百标兵奔北坡,炮兵并排北边跑,炮兵怕把标兵碰,标兵怕碰炮兵炮。
炮兵和步兵(b、p、m)
炮兵攻打八面坡,炮兵排排炮弹齐发射。步兵逼近八面坡,歼敌八千八百八十多。
一平盆面(b、p)
一平盆面,烙一平盆饼,饼碰盆,盆碰饼。
巴老爷芭蕉树(b、p)
巴老爷有八十八棵芭蕉树来了八十八个把式要在巴老爷八十八棵芭蕉树下住。巴老爷拔了八十八棵芭蕉树,不让八十八个把式在八十八棵芭蕉树下住,八十八个把式烧了八十八棵芭蕉树,巴老爷在八十八棵树边哭。
老六放牛(n,l)
柳林镇有个六号楼,刘老六住在六号楼。有一天,来了牛老六,牵了六只猴;来了侯老六,拉了六头牛;来了仇老六,提了六篓油;来了尤老六,背了六匹绸。牛老六、侯老六、仇老六、尤老六,住上刘老六的六号楼,半夜里,牛抵猴,猴斗牛,撞倒了仇老六的油,油坏了尤老六的绸。牛老六帮仇老六收起油,侯老六帮尤老六洗掉绸上油,拴好牛,看好猴,一同上楼去喝酒。
颠倒歌(d,t,l)
太阳从西往东落,听我唱个颠倒歌。
天上打雷没有响,地下石头滚上坡;
江里骆驼会下蛋,山里鲤鱼搭成窝;
腊月苦热直流汗,六月暴冷打哆嗦;
姐在房中手梳头,门外口袋把驴驮。
白石塔(b,d,t)
白石塔,白石搭,白石搭白塔,
姿资睿詈冒资姿子执蟆?
哥挎瓜筐过宽沟(g、k)
哥挎瓜筐过宽沟,赶快过沟看怪狗,光看怪狗瓜筐扣,瓜滚筐空哥怪狗。
哥哥捉鸽(g、k、h)
哥哥过河捉个鸽,回家割鸽来请客,客人吃鸽称鸽肉,哥哥请客乐呵呵。
老爷堂上一面鼓(g、k、h)
老爷堂上一面鼓,鼓上一只皮老虎,皮老虎抓破了鼓,就拿块破布往上补,只见过破布补破裤,哪见过破布补破鼓。
四和十(s,sh)
四和十,十和四,十四和四十,四十和十四。说好四和十得靠舌头和牙齿。谁说四十是细席,他的舌头没用力;谁说十四是适时,他的舌头没伸直。认真学,常练习,十四、四十、四十四。
石小四和史肖石(s,sh)
石小四,史肖石,一同来到阅览室。石小四年十四,史肖石年四十。年十四的石小四爱看诗词,年四十的史肖石爱看报纸。年四十的史肖石发现了好诗词,忙递给年十四的石小四,年十四的石小四见了好报纸,忙递给年四十的史肖石。
数狮子(s,sh)
公园有四排石狮子,每排是十四只大石狮子,每只大石狮子背上是一只小石狮子,每只大石狮子脚边是四只小石狮子,史老师领四十四个学生去数石狮子,你说共数出多少只大石狮子和多少只小石狮子?
韵母练习
普通话韵母是音节的主要成分,它的发音非常重要。单韵母只有一个音素,因此比较简单,而复韵母和鼻韵母却有两个或三个音素,发韵母时,要求韵腹要拉开立起,韵尾要归音到家。并且很多都有韵尾,要特别注意归音问题,我们在每段绕口令题旁标有a、ao、ang、ing等韵母字样来说明此段绕口令是专门训练所标韵母的绕口令。。
(1)胖娃娃和蛤蟆(a)
一个胖娃娃,捉了三个大花活蛤蟆,三个胖娃娃,捉了一个大花活蛤蟆,捉了一个大花活蛤蟆的三个胖娃娃,真不如捉了三个大花活蛤蟆的一个胖娃娃。
(2)小华和胖娃(a)
小华和胖娃,两个种花又种瓜,小华会种花不会种瓜,胖娃会种瓜不会种花。
(3)毛毛和涛涛(ao)
毛毛和涛涛,跳高又练跑,毛毛教涛涛练跑,涛涛教毛毛跳高,毛毛学会了跳高,涛涛学会了练跑。
(4)猫闹鸟(ao)
东边庙里有个猫,西边树梢有只鸟。猫鸟天天闹,不知是猫闹树上鸟,还是鸟闹庙里猫。
发声技巧
让你快速看到配音的效果。
声音的艺术具体应该分为唱和说,从发声角度讲技巧相似度比较高,但是应用和操作就有很大区别,唱歌好的人未必配的好音,配音好的也未必会唱好歌。 我们可将准确清晰、圆润动听、朴实大方和富于变化作为其总体训练目的,达到这些要求,表达就有了一个借以伸展的声音基础。
气息运用
熟练发音和体会共振和共鸣,就必须要体会气息。吸气要用鼻子,慢慢的像在闻林间山边的花香一样,同时感觉到自己的小腹部隆起,就是吸气的过程。呼气是用嘴慢慢的吐出,反复训练,可以在走路,上班,轻微运动时候做这种练习,用鼻子吸入新鲜空气,用嘴吐出浊气。练习熟练后就可以鼻子吸气后,说话训练了。
气流经过鼻腔后,就需要我们有意识的对口和鼻腔进行调整,适度的打开让气流进入鼻腔,在额窦、上颌窦、蝶窦、鼻窦形成共振,产生了鼻腔的共鸣,鼻腔共鸣作为高声区共鸣腔,可以让我们的高音音色更加完美。
气息练长
可以在腹式呼吸的基础上增加极限呼吸的训练,将气一直吸到吸不动,然后再将气呼到呼不动,如此反复练习就可以扩张“丹田”,达到增加吸气量的目的。
气息练强
在床上练习腹式呼吸时,在腹部压上一本字典,吸气速度要比平时快,呼气速度要比平时慢。如果是习惯了小声说话,不知道如何让声音变大,可以试试开嗓的办法,先打半个哈欠,保持这种口腔状态,然后说“嘿、哈”,等适应了再把音量往上提,循序渐进。
气息练稳
选一篇长句较多的文章,用较快的速度读下去,背诵时要尽量控制不出现喘息声,在气息不足时用极快的速度在不为人觉察时吸入部分气流。换气宜口鼻并用,以鼻为主,掌握时间差,使气流充沛有力。
发音
发音能力有助于表达,发音能力弱会制约表达。可将准确清晰、圆润动听、朴实大方和富于变化作为总体训练目的,达到这些要求,表达就有了一个借以伸展的声音基础。用松弛自然的生活语言来说话,但是不能失去控制,不能四声混乱,不能吐字含混,还要强调语言的分寸感,注意语言的规范,有时比生活中还要收敛。
控制声音使声音松弛自然,并不是要废除基本功训练。除了明确的训练目标,发音训练还应把握适当的训练原则和训练方法。自然松弛并非退回到原来的自然生活里去,这种所谓的松弛自然是在艺术语言的基础上,让听众找不着人工雕琢的痕迹。
发音练习
静态控制:
打开口腔、提颧肌、开牙关、挺软腭、松下巴。
(1)调整呼吸,声波成束
(2)声波畅通,音饱色纯
(3)声射腭前,声音鲜明
动态控制:
字头(吐字)、字腹(立字)、字尾(归音)。
字头:咬住,弹出,部位准确,气息饱满,结实有力,停暂敏捷,干净利落。
字腹:拉开,立起,气息均匀,音长适当,圆润丰满,窄韵宽发,宽韵窄发,前音后发,后音前发,圆音扁发,扁音圆发。
字尾:尾音较短,完整自如,避免生硬,归音到位,送气到家,干净利落,趋向鲜明。
口腔开合训练
平时说话,口腔开合度较小,发生较扁窄。口腔开合训练可以改变这种状态,是声音圆润、响亮、饱满。这就要求打开牙关,下巴放松而略向后缩,上下槽牙间自然地开合。开口时,上下槽牙有向上打开的感觉;而闭合时觉得口腔上部像啃东西似地向下扣。为了使口腔开合灵活而有控制。
唇的练习
唇的控制对吐字质量有明显的影响,在发音时加强唇的力量可以使声音集中,双唇松懒声音发出来则散漫、无力。唇形不正确还会使字音出错,影响语义。为了保证字音的清晰、集中、唇的撮、展要非常灵活,发音时唇的活动幅度不能过大,要唇齿相依,唇的力量要集中在上唇的中段,呈微笑状加强上唇中段的撮合力,不要整个嘴皮子用劲。吐字时口型的动作要自然、美观、口角轻圆,为加强唇的力量和灵活。
喉部发声:
喉咙无疑是发声很重要的一个器官:
1、深吸一口气打一个哈欠,喉部由于气流的振动会自然的发出声响来。
2、可以仍然采用打哈欠的做法,但须有意识地加强气流的振动。利用横隔膜的运动把声音由喉头提至口腔再由口腔提至头腔,可以发出一种连续的气势铿锵磅礴的声音,就像在唱《满江红》中“仰天长啸"那样。
如果感觉嗓子疼痒等,那是违反了生理要求的,发声及共鸣的位置不对所导致;我们要注意不要硬喊,若各部发音器官,没有痛痒感觉,才是正常的状态。
(1) / f / 的练习
配音中要注意上齿和下唇自然接,不要上齿咬住下唇发音,成阻面积大力量则分散。/ f /本身是擦音,要注意节制气流。
(2) /b、p、m/ 的练习 :
双唇音在配音员的口中一般不会发生发音部位的错误,只是大部分人发这三个音时,唇显得无力;有的配音员在配音时,咧嘴唇影响口腔开度,同时力量分散,双唇的爆发力必然减弱,字音的清晰度下降。
声母/m/的发音力量不够,鼻音色彩就会加重,字音闷暗。有人发音时双唇抿起,影响了音准,延缓了发音动程,语句也不会流畅。
声母/p/的发音,气流太强,则会产生噪音,话筒传出“噗噗”的声音;
生活中这三个音不用太讲究,但是配音中要求字音准确,清晰响亮,必须加强这三个音的力度;唇部收紧,接触有力,小腹要有控制,气流集中,力量集中在双唇部,这样声音也就集中了;还要注意双唇后面带的圆唇韵母/o/,而不是/e/,有的配音员因为受了方音影响把广播—— guang bo 读成了 guang be ;
练习双唇音的办法很多,如何练习双唇打响;音节表中双唇声母和韵母相拼音节,还有变换四声的练习,两字词,绕口令等。
(3) / zh、 ch 、sh、 r / 的练习
有人把它们与舌尖音相混,有人发成卷舌音,有人发得偏前,这一切都和口腔开度关系,练习时可以把牙关打开。练习开口韵时,不要两唇撅起,上下齿之间要留有距离。双唇撅起加个声筒,声音显得闷暗,造型也欠美。练习时,舌两边必须翻卷。
(4) /n、l/的练习
配音中气流冲破成阻部位时,舌尖表现无力度,无弹性,使整个字音松散,失去准确性,产生/ n、l / 混乱现象,平时说的“唇舌无力”的“舌”就是舌尖音发音无力。成阻后,气流没有形成一定的压力,冲击成阻部位时,气流软弱,舌尖肌肉紧张不起来,因而除阻没力度。
声母起领头作用,也有个别人没舌尖或者舌尖伸不出,这就更影响音准。发/n/没鼻音,舌尖顶不住上齿龈,一部分气流轻易跑到口腔外,进入鼻腔的气流减少,鼻音色彩冲淡。相反发 / l / 没有边音,舌尖顶满了上齿龈,就影响了音的准确。
同时注意气息控制,让舌头灵活有力地弹动上齿龈,练习时应注意舌尖的力量。除口部训练操以外,还可以多练习音节表中/n、l /音节和绕口令等。
很多配音员面对的问题完全是坏习惯的结果,这就是为什么经过充分训练就能够获益的所在。借助一些容易的训练来改善音质,通过意念的纠正和跟随磁带录合机的练习来使发音更干净利茁。
情绪递进
情感由想象激发,合理想象能调动配音演员创作情感变化,与配音人物心灵相通,感同身受进入角色,对人物的语言进行分析,如性格急躁的人通常语速较快声音尖利,好的配音首先会让观众忘记配音的存在。
塑造的角色必须要达到声音和形象的统一,在抓人物的性格特征时,要从观众的角度来看,了解人物的职业、生活环境、工作性质等等;考虑不同的国家和民族的影视作品区别,创作出符合时代特点的人物注意演员的表演特点。需要掌握的这些情绪的不同变化,才能迸发创作激情。要用心去感受作品的内涵,打开自己的内心世界用心去融化它。
把握情绪
情绪调动不要多使用技巧,要对角色内心挖掘,用心去感受作品所表达的内涵,用声音塑造出人物的血肉,控制好情绪不要过度,而没有了配音的话语。配音演员在配音时要与演员情感一致,但是在进行情绪的调动的时候,就要该拖则拖该收则收。
调动情绪
1、感情运动
配音并不是单纯地念台词,配音时应保证内心的情绪(喜怒哀乐)随着说话的内容一直在变化,如果内心如果没有符合台词场景的感情,那么所有声音变化都是无本之木。
2、气随情动
配音员情绪发生变化的时候,气息会发生相应的波动,所以大家不妨回想一下自己开心、愤怒、悲伤时气息会有什么变化,气息要随着情感而变。
练习技巧
1、内心世界
处理稿件的时候要在内心描绘出稿件所展现的画面,构建出一个具备色彩、光线、构图、人物等视觉元素内心世界,将自己代入其中去努力地体会人物当时所处情景与状态。
2、对象感和身份感的塑造
配音前要了解自己应当站在怎样的位置来表达这篇稿件,而不是一味地对着白纸黑字朗读。配音时要有“身份感”和“对象感”,在表达时我们应该时刻清晰谁在听,这样才会有交流感与生动感使表达更加传神。
嗓子保护
发声方式
“用气发声”并不意味着要使劲呼气,用猛烈的气息去冲击声带。比如生活中的咳嗽、怒骂、狂呼是属于高耗能的用嗓方法,声音效果极差,又很容易损伤声带而导致声音嘶哑。
说话时间
每天说话的总时间最好不要超过三个小时,连续说话不要超过一个半小时,要让声带充分休息。要多用鼻呼吸,改胸式呼吸为腹式呼吸。
饮水适量
适量喝水,水乃生命之源,多喝开水不但有利于防止喉咙干痒痛,一天保证喝6杯水,保持体内水的平衡可以充分地滋润声带,同样有利于防止其他疾病的产生,避免饮用酒精和咖啡等刺激性饮品,保持体内水的平衡可以充分地滋润声带。
注意饮食
饮食尽量吃清淡的食物,不吃或少吃刺激性食物,少吃过热、过凉和辛辣的食物。不要吃诸如油炸类等坚硬、干燥的食物,以免对嗓子造成机械性损伤。戒烟少酒特别是不要吃辛辣食物,即使是被动吸烟也应该避免,因为吸烟能够明显增加患喉癌的风险。
配音员们为了保持气息等专业技巧,每天会进行练声训练,循序渐进的加强程度。
好的心态便于自己保持良好的状态,避免大起大落起引起的过度消耗。避免大喊大叫时造成声带损伤。
人的呼吸器官都会从气管经过,如果引发呼吸道感染,对发声器官影响较大,会出现嗓子发痒发疼、感冒等情况。
吃过食物后用淡盐水或漱口水漱口,可防止炎症保护嗓子。
食物保养
雪梨
雪梨不管是单吃,还是加清水熬煮雪梨汁,都对嗓子十分有益,清热润肺。
蜂蜜袖子茶
蜂蜜对身体好,而柚子润肺清热,常喝蜂蜜柚子茶对身体有好处。
薄荷菊花茶
薄荷和菊花5:5泡开水当茶饱,清热润肺。
银耳
滋阴润肺,女性配音员建议长期食用。
推荐书籍
《表演练声课》
作者:[英]克里斯廷·林克莱特
本书是林克莱特毕生教学理念的唯一文字记述,带你体验21节大师级工作坊课程,培养呼吸意识,感受声音振动,打开声音通道,关注共鸣,激活唇舌,助你深入理解语言文字,26个字母分开练,5首俳句逐字读,掌握作者独创的意象发声法,让口头表达兼具技巧美和个性美。
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该书系统讲解了影视配音艺术的界定和分类,纪录片解说、广告配音、电视栏目配音、影视剧人物配音等的创作原则和创作规律,还通过示例分析详细讲解了影视配音的创作过程和创作方法,并附有多篇稿件供学习者练习使用。
《播音主持创作基础实训教程》
这本书是播音主持专业大学二年级专业教材,主要讲解了有声配音中需要的表达技巧,也就是我们经常说的“内三外四”,“内三”就是情景再现、对象感、内在语,“外四”就是停连、重音、语气、节奏,每章还包括理论概述、示例分析、训练指导等。在有声配音过程中不知道怎么停顿、语气怎么表达、画面感怎么营造,看了这本书配合着练习,有了很大的提高。
《声音者:孙悦斌配音理论及实践技巧》
这本书的作者是中国著名配音演员、中国传媒大学客座教授,就是给广告《国窖1573》配音的老师。这本书孙老师介绍了配音的基本理论、声音的艺术表达以及人物配音、国产影视剧与译制片配音、动画片配音、商业语言配音等不同类型的配音。
《语音发声》
主要针对基础发声和普通话,普通话不太好的小伙伴可以认真看一下。第一部分讲解了普通话声母、韵母、声调等的基础知识,第二部分讲解了呼吸控制、口腔控制、科学练声等的基本原理和训练方法。第三编综合运用有各种题材的训练材料。
配音软件
PC
布谷鸟配音
智能配音软件采用AI技术实现智能文本识别,提供上百种高度拟人、情感丰富的语音类型可供大家选择,包括“活泼俏皮”、“温柔沉稳”、“端庄大气”等多种类型,同时支持多人对话式配音。
Utools工具箱
插件化的桌面工具,支持Win、Mac和Linux系统。按下Alt+空格就会出现,在搜索框中搜索文字转语音,下载这个插件之后将文本输入进去,选择声音类型就可以进行试听了,该工具支持导出格式固定是mp3格式。
文本转语音
这是一个在线文字转语音的工具,无需下载安装在浏览器中即可打开使用。使用自定义真实语音生成器,具有不同朗读风格和情感音调的语音,可以轻松地调整语速、音调、发音和停顿等,但不支持下载语音文件哦。()
APP
荔枝
一款文艺的电台软件,超多有趣的素材让录音变得简单又好玩,不满意还可以重新录制。
讯飞配音
海量配音模板适用于多个配音场景,即使是卫视御用语音在这里也能被找到,还提供真人配音服务,让用户可以享受更加专业和自然的音色。
配音大师
一款文字和视频配音必备的软件,用户可以使用它变成配音大师,视频配音支持一键导出和实时预览,还可以随心所欲的编辑文本内容,让你快速看到配音效果。
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"配音是为影片或多媒体","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"加入声音的过程","id":""},{"type":"text","text":",指配音演员替角色配上声音,或以其它语言代替原片中角色的语言对白。同时由于声音出现错漏,由原演员重新为片段补回对白的过程亦称为配音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni0A0MOGSAuq8GnYaFTIRib"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"基础准备","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGY22Wsaq6Ko6uEoavPgLxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"人在自然状态下发出的声音就是本音,由于声带处于放松状态,气息顺畅,所以说话最不费力,声音也往往最好听。寻找本音的两种办法分别是放松说话和打哈欠,其中打哈欠是最常用、最有效的。可以通过跟读新闻的方式训练普通话,一连坚持几个月,普通话绝对会有明显的提升。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniGKuKWIcqIO2cdtIsHSD6c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"配音前需要找准剧情发展的脉络,理解剧中人物的感情,摸清人物的气质音色,知道人物的地位作用,才能准确生动地为原片中的角色配音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOeCiK2k2wESkoHqJL3E2Db"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":685,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基础准备","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcnQGIcQMySsAkmElUUzTT7zh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"口部操","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniwUEQugCuMoO2txjTfcbbc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"是指运用吐字器官不出声的活动,使各器官获得灵活控制能力的一种方法。它用人工设计的各种动作来加强吐字器官的肌肉力量和精细控制能力。口腔操是锻炼脸部的肌肉,保证咬字清晰。气息练习是为了练习腹部核心的肌肉,保证气息到位。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnws6IYey2g2CIgp4rPnnaIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsuuWYQkAKCwcgFIkgiw1fd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"口的练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIAagqMg8Sku2wb60oqRPgb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"张嘴时像打哈欠(打槽牙、挺软腭),闭嘴时如啃苹果(松下巴),练习主要是为口的开合打基础,要领是开口的动作要柔和,不要像平时真的打哈欠一样,两嘴角尽量向斜上方抬起,上下嘴稍放松,舌自然放平。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMoSEsuKgSQ8mErnXIkGo6b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"唇的练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSUgsAkYy2mCuigeGu0wdZb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"喷:也称作双唇后打响,双唇紧闭,将唇的力量集中于后中纵线三分之一的部位,唇齿相依,不裹唇,阻住气流,然后突然连续喷气出声,发出P、P、P的音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaCi8g6mKSGCa0YghPBjfPC"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"咧:将双唇闭紧尽力向前噘起,然后将嘴角用力向两边伸展。(咧嘴),反复进行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGiYUkSGAGaWqiEDhzHybpQ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"撇:双唇后闭紧向前噘起,然后向左歪、向右歪、向上抬、向下压。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0YaGmQ8E4cuQCQQVSGQEde"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"绕:双唇闭紧向前噘听起,然后向左或向右作60度的转圈运动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWKgY2i4CqcqmkyzfzhccOb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"舌的练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnccmiqiaAyCYMOyRoKSgBxb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"刮舌:舌尖抵下齿背,舌体贴住齿背,随着张嘴,用上门齿齿沿刮舌叶、舌面,使舌面能逐渐上挺隆起,然后,将舌面后移向上贴住硬腭前部,感觉舌面向头顶上部“百会”穴的位置立起来。这一练习对于打开后声腔和纠正.“尖音”、增加舌面隆起的力量很有效。口腔开度不好的人、舌面音J、 Q、X发音有问题的人可以多练习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm0Qo6wyAEMUiiaWJLQFU2g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"顶舌:闭唇.用舌尖顶住左内颊、用力顶,似逗小孩儿嘴里有糖状,然后,用舌尖顶住右内岬颊做同样练习。如上左右交替、反复练习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6Cgym2qYyoeq88pxIewnCZ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"伸舌:将舌伸出唇外,舌体集中、舌尖向前、向左右、向上下尽力伸展。这一练习主要练习使舌体集中、舌尖能集中用力。”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneISq4gkqaKaaaslll3SSfb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"绕舌:闭唇,把舌尖伸到齿前唇后,向顺时针方向环绕360度,然后向逆时针方向环绕360度,交替进行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncUuQamIaAuyE4eUdunzJcb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"立舌:将舌尖向后贴住左侧槽牙齿背,;然后将舌沿齿背推至门齿中缝。使舌尖向右侧力翻。然后做相反方向的练习。这一练习对于改进边音L的发音有益。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnssEw4cqS2UwWAfO1nO8NAc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"舌打响:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"将舌尖顶住硬腭、用力持","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"阻","id":""},{"type":"text","text":",然后突然弹开,发出类似“的\"(de)的响声。或者舌根抬起至软硬腭交界处,体会用力发“嘎”(ga)音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuA86cW0swA886fKquVYxSc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"捣舌:把一个像枣核一样的物体,竖放在舌面上。比如说,一个橄榄核,一个枣核,或者一小块糖,两头正对着前舌,这是竖放,用舌面挺起的动作使它翻转起来,这样反复进行。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoqCOWAii2EYAb28r90LQqo"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"绕口令","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIOG6EyuMwGQuySVEa4LM7b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"声母练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4ugcW8okKCAuucXVLnlK3b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"普通话声母的发音过程有三个阶段:成阻、持阻、除阻。声母的发音部位不同,吐字时的着力点就不一样,比如b、P、m,发音时着力点在双唇,d、t的着力点在舌尖,靠舌尖的弹力。因此发声母时不要拖长,要咬住、弹开。我们在每段绕口令题旁都标有b、p、m、d、t、n、l、g、k、s、sh等声母字样来说明此段绕口令是专门训练所标声母的绕口令。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUeWccyMK0siCUbdnYluOLd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"八百标兵(b、p)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoi8CoCm8IGE0wswkWLmRWW"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"八百标兵奔北坡,炮兵并排北边跑,炮兵怕把标兵碰,标兵怕碰炮兵炮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn88G2sis8cUmAEnP5t1srPd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"炮兵和步兵(b、p、m)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniiaSYWiAsoQcKMabtVQCje"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"炮兵攻打八面坡,炮兵排排炮弹齐发射。步兵逼近八面坡,歼敌八千八百八十多。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIKcUKiaKCE6yCWGWTNSJdQ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一平盆面(b、p)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA6ooKy6iia2eQfQNtEMDee"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一平盆面,烙一平盆饼,饼碰盆,盆碰饼。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnug6MiaMYWEkWUzhcXYSO2d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"巴老爷芭蕉树(b、p)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuC420O8g6OoKqqo9120p7g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"巴老爷有八十八棵芭蕉树来了八十八个把式要在巴老爷八十八棵芭蕉树下住。巴老爷拔了八十八棵芭蕉树,不让八十八个把式在八十八棵芭蕉树下住,八十八个把式烧了八十八棵芭蕉树,巴老爷在八十八棵树边哭。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCCAS4UGQgAIwIDf207CeTb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"老六放牛(n,l)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmcOYY6SkwQqGK8h7wS7KKb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"柳林镇有个六号楼,刘老六住在六号楼。有一天,来了牛老六,牵了六只猴;来了侯老六,拉了六头牛;来了仇老六,提了六篓油;来了尤老六,背了六匹绸。牛老六、侯老六、仇老六、尤老六,住上刘老六的六号楼,半夜里,牛抵猴,猴斗牛,撞倒了仇老六的油,油坏了尤老六的绸。牛老六帮仇老六收起油,侯老六帮尤老六洗掉绸上油,拴好牛,看好猴,一同上楼去喝酒。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn64YCoOU0Yk6U6d3TtFd72e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"颠倒歌(d,t,l)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsIMoEkAO8aaqyOkE16c5Kg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"太阳从西往东落,听我唱个颠倒歌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOAi04CUQGs6Mi86LGhYlXd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"天上打雷没有响,地下石头滚上坡;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmcG4qwC8EUCuqbJuRW4hGZ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"江里骆驼会下蛋,山里鲤鱼搭成窝;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnISIGGoK8ugycCUITq8DWDf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"腊月苦热直流汗,六月暴冷打哆嗦;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAw2K4cki2Yiq4fuS1ZeeJf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"姐在房中手梳头,门外口袋把驴驮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6COcm6WeaUscApveLJjWUc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"白石塔(b,d,t)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEouomyOyEcsU257ktxecNh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"白石塔,白石搭,白石搭白塔,","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSOW8CCgwemKkMrTckJqjqd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"姿资睿詈冒资姿子执蟆?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEqoAiaSeuyagCalpJDeKlf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"哥挎瓜筐过宽沟(g、k)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6A8iEy6Im4S2kBHdAZd5fh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"哥挎瓜筐过宽沟,赶快过沟看怪狗,光看怪狗瓜筐扣,瓜滚筐空哥怪狗。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoccMOYwwUA6QcT2bKaJOHd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"哥哥捉鸽(g、k、h)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6GwKw4kI0a6Q2xChJoxfIf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"哥哥过河捉个鸽,回家割鸽来请客,客人吃鸽称鸽肉,哥哥请客乐呵呵。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUyu0SsOeKkW0MDuAVOv6Tb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"老爷堂上一面鼓(g、k、h)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEwaSCyOqIgCOkf5cKoGMlb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"老爷堂上一面鼓,鼓上一只皮老虎,皮老虎抓破了鼓,就拿块破布往上补,只见过破布补破裤,哪见过破布补破鼓。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQU22kyiIoc8KIrig8JrrZg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"四和十(s,sh)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOg2I0uCSSmsy4at3ARwLRs"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"四和十,十和四,十四和四十,四十和十四。说好四和十得靠舌头和牙齿。谁说四十是细席,他的舌头没用力;谁说十四是适时,他的舌头没伸直。认真学,常练习,十四、四十、四十四。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkkMmwIQ28MKCie6jHrPORg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"石小四和史肖石(s,sh)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6SSIm4eoWWqsOgHx0oX4pf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"石小四,史肖石,一同来到阅览室。石小四年十四,史肖石年四十。年十四的石小四爱看诗词,年四十的史肖石爱看报纸。年四十的史肖石发现了好诗词,忙递给年十四的石小四,年十四的石小四见了好报纸,忙递给年四十的史肖石。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWwkaoS0AoSUUUpgq7NvFIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"数狮子(s,sh)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngeAgccE6qCioGCcdbu3Jpb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"公园有四排石狮子,每排是十四只大石狮子,每只大石狮子背上是一只小石狮子,每只大石狮子脚边是四只小石狮子,史老师领四十四个学生去数石狮子,你说共数出多少只大石狮子和多少只小石狮子?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu0cuYg4IaSc8UTV6cOhGMb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"韵母练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2648GkoegwAgUb7xoDUgOf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"普通话韵母是音节的主要成分,它的发音非常重要。单韵母只有一个音素,因此比较简单,而复韵母和鼻韵母却有两个或三个音素,发韵母时,要求韵腹要拉开立起,韵尾要归音到家。并且很多都有韵尾,要特别注意归音问题,我们在每段绕口令题旁标有a、ao、ang、ing等韵母字样来说明此段绕口令是专门训练所标韵母的绕口令。。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6emsmUSGem0A2JhspWw3qc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)胖娃娃和蛤蟆(a)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniooYYmWoiaaMekMrvj30vd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一个胖娃娃,捉了三个大花活蛤蟆,三个胖娃娃,捉了一个大花活蛤蟆,捉了一个大花活蛤蟆的三个胖娃娃,真不如捉了三个大花活蛤蟆的一个胖娃娃。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEYQ2CsAWEy40o3IdLWBlZg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)小华和胖娃(a)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniykkSG2YAA848bh3Oy6Aqe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"小华和胖娃,两个种花又种瓜,小华会种花不会种瓜,胖娃会种瓜不会种花。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSyK0sYywMKOAu01AUXNxae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)毛毛和涛涛(ao)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8ooQqyaym0iKWT3qw8rxnb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"毛毛和涛涛,跳高又练跑,毛毛教涛涛练跑,涛涛教毛毛跳高,毛毛学会了跳高,涛涛学会了练跑。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG2cKwYaGuwA6k9PbrinUHb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)猫闹鸟(ao)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaSSoAOMcm8iUmYWmPXAkGc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"东边庙里有个猫,西边树梢有只鸟。猫鸟天天闹,不知是猫闹树上鸟,还是鸟闹庙里猫。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnq0ksecweuqU6st9kViyvJd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"发声技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYcegUWaYqGQYQBbntWtUkg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"让你快速看到配音的效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm2SYAa8wek2a2PTVy7k29g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"声音的艺术具体应该分为唱和说,从发声角度讲技巧相似度比较高,但是应用和操作就有很大区别,唱歌好的人未必配的好音,配音好的也未必会唱好歌。 我们可将准确清晰、圆润动听、朴实大方和富于变化作为其总体训练目的,达到这些要求,表达就有了一个借以伸展的声音基础。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCK00eWQOMaG4W4GKi63DKg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":366,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"发声技巧","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcng6WuAAg2ws6Ca2D7SXCXtc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"气息运用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSogCKCacWkWSSatEV3v8rd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"熟练发音和体会共振和共鸣,就必须要体会气息。吸气要用鼻子,慢慢的像在闻林间山边的花香一样,同时感觉到自己的小腹部隆起,就是吸气的过程。呼气是用嘴慢慢的吐出,反复训练,可以在走路,上班,轻微运动时候做这种练习,用鼻子吸入新鲜空气,用嘴吐出浊气。练习熟练后就可以鼻子吸气后,说话训练了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQm6g8OGCyA0WCKJbqIAnLd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":278,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"气息运用","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcnqKossyAkCOMaWOIjk0jVfc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"气流经过鼻腔后,就需要我们有意识的对口和鼻腔进行调整,适度的打开让气流进入鼻腔,在额窦、上颌窦、蝶窦、鼻窦形成共振,产生了鼻腔的共鸣,鼻腔共鸣作为高声区共鸣腔,可以让我们的高音音色更加完美。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngMGyYga6Wmw2OQJOylpgQg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"气息练长","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMkWeyMMqSkIwu6q0b7uQIh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可以在腹式呼吸的基础上增加极限呼吸的训练,将气一直吸到吸不动,然后再将气呼到呼不动,如此反复练习就可以扩张“丹田”,达到增加吸气量的目的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOiiaKKC6QoseQzYcJRsYud"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"气息练强","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsoe2KyCq0UmYEnRJwy2yCb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在床上练习腹式呼吸时,在腹部压上一本字典,吸气速度要比平时快,呼气速度要比平时慢。如果是习惯了小声说话,不知道如何让声音变大,可以试试开嗓的办法,先打半个哈欠,保持这种口腔状态,然后说“嘿、哈”,等适应了再把音量往上提,循序渐进。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSEW66gA8WqgQ4ysNkGAFPc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"气息练稳","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQQOKucYuwq8KYpx6Z0NnZe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选一篇长句较多的文章,用较快的速度读下去,背诵时要尽量控制不出现喘息声,在气息不足时用极快的速度在不为人觉察时吸入部分气流。换气宜口鼻并用,以鼻为主,掌握时间差,使气流充沛有力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4Eiao62oWAmoglkk0FisEe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":345,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"气息练稳","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcn8COSIeUKW0YWMPfTSXHxXf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"发音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8wGmkkgGC2aEEF8equ4Iih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发音能力有助于表达,发音能力弱会制约表达。可将准确清晰、圆润动听、朴实大方和富于变化作为总体训练目的,达到这些要求,表达就有了一个借以伸展的声音基础。用松弛自然的生活语言来说话,但是不能失去控制,不能四声混乱,不能吐字含混,还要强调语言的分寸感,注意语言的规范,有时比生活中还要收敛。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngO4s66yOIgigo1ABXXKnxb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"控制声音使声音松弛自然,并不是要废除基本功训练。除了明确的训练目标,发音训练还应把握适当的训练原则和训练方法。自然松弛并非退回到原来的自然生活里去,这种所谓的松弛自然是在艺术语言的基础上,让听众找不着人工雕琢的痕迹。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkiMcia6YEKsOa8LR7tqgKc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"发音练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuuKy0osySSOMWQlzv1cXJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"静态控制:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8qoKQiwaIGicUlkaggIylg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"打开口腔、提颧肌、开牙关、挺软腭、松下巴。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKwYOI8eOi6Yq8TJSkDEBfh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)调整呼吸,声波成束","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIycKqC4iMuqW0ooePbCy0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)声波畅通,音饱色纯","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUgcWk8OGcIkomwmfScavCb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)声射腭前,声音鲜明","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnawk2mqM6O6KC6uf7OmNKOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"动态控制:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyEoSm0MWWwSUG02pqFdJzc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"字头(吐字)、字腹(立字)、字尾(归音)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsQ2GWsgmY2Uw62CE4tLvdg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"字头:咬住,弹出,部位准确,气息饱满,结实有力,停暂敏捷,干净利落。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6sMigKUySIMymax3u1Znug"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"字腹:拉开,立起,气息均匀,音长适当,圆润丰满,窄韵宽发,宽韵窄发,前音后发,后音前发,圆音扁发,扁音圆发。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSa0y6Kia62c6gfnIAQg5Tf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"字尾:尾音较短,完整自如,避免生硬,归音到位,送气到家,干净利落,趋向鲜明。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUSY2aGUGkGcSyotjFl5Beg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"口腔开合训练","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnou640i6oWSCIALmCJn3dRf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"平时说话,口腔开合度较小,发生较扁窄。口腔开合训练可以改变这种状态,是声音圆润、响亮、饱满。这就要求打开牙关,下巴放松而略向后缩,上下槽牙间自然地开合。开口时,上下槽牙有向上打开的感觉;而闭合时觉得口腔上部像啃东西似地向下扣。为了使口腔开合灵活而有控制。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2EKgqMAgwYyYq7iMHzN5bb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"唇的练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUUwcm2qmUcGYmsQftz5yYb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"唇的控制对吐字质量有明显的影响,在发音时加强唇的力量可以使声音集中,双唇松懒声音发出来则散漫、无力。唇形不正确还会使字音出错,影响语义。为了保证字音的清晰、集中、唇的撮、展要非常灵活,发音时唇的活动幅度不能过大,要唇齿相依,唇的力量要集中在上唇的中段,呈微笑状加强上唇中段的撮合力,不要整个嘴皮子用劲。吐字时口型的动作要自然、美观、口角轻圆,为加强唇的力量和灵活。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAkqC0YG26gIgA9kD0EVuUf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"喉部发声:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyGgCMQS0866SS09WKLee3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"喉咙无疑是发声很重要的一个器官:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKcowU0sCyqIykLdaeoiCIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、深吸一口气打一个哈欠,喉部由于气流的振动会自然的发出声响来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaM82w8QCS0E0g5jGaTeCVe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、可以仍然采用打哈欠的做法,但须有意识地加强气流的振动。利用横隔膜的运动把声音由喉头提至口腔再由口腔提至头腔,可以发出一种连续的气势铿锵磅礴的声音,就像在唱《满江红》中“仰天长啸\"那样。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnemQoskoI2WaKMDZdvTPVCf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果感觉嗓子疼痒等,那是违反了生理要求的,发声及共鸣的位置不对所导致;我们要注意不要硬喊,若各部发音器官,没有痛痒感觉,才是正常的状态。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny8iKMEwgO4uiwbwhfkVvgb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":356,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"发音练习","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcnMskAQWgKQgqIsRRLnV90zd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1) / f / 的练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAo6c4qi2QIo6YfCflxZBWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"配音中要注意上齿和下唇自然接,不要上齿咬住下唇发音,成阻面积大力量则分散。/ f /本身是擦音,要注意节制气流。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncMEIyWM6SY0eAE8fXPUzd5"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":410,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"发音练习","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcn0IyGi8QUYqKsSRRBWOUk75"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYkcsmWUUGAcWA5MuaQWP9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2) /b、p、m/ 的练习 :","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm08KeKUAiICKEhW63bBVRf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"双唇音在配音员的口中一般不会发生发音部位的错误,只是大部分人发这三个音时,唇显得无力;有的配音员在配音时,咧嘴唇影响口腔开度,同时力量分散,双唇的爆发力必然减弱,字音的清晰度下降。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGKkqks2MeUOogL7qAD4cQc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"声母/m/的发音力量不够,鼻音色彩就会加重,字音闷暗。有人发音时双唇抿起,影响了音准,延缓了发音动程,语句也不会流畅。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMEuc20Aw26oAuGzvUiBtNg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":408,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"发音练习","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcniCiU6OIyCYwA1E3Hssj7GD"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnc002OYgUwo2iqAfccSeJZg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQAesEGGIYmY4cHADu1g89c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"声母/p/的发音,气流太强,则会产生噪音,话筒传出“噗噗”的声音;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmyeSwCyASSeY0MKobLzi8b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":447,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"发音练习","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcnYaM4yMEKAM6Oeo1Vptqjub"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn46mQEqcWEGSeEvtO6ZF8fd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"生活中这三个音不用太讲究,但是配音中要求字音准确,清晰响亮,必须加强这三个音的力度;唇部收紧,接触有力,小腹要有控制,气流集中,力量集中在双唇部,这样声音也就集中了;还要注意双唇后面带的圆唇韵母/o/,而不是/e/,有的配音员因为受了方音影响把广播—— guang bo 读成了 guang be ;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwEUCwKMcouWMNcymGC5lrq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习双唇音的办法很多,如何练习双唇打响;音节表中双唇声母和韵母相拼音节,还有变换四声的练习,两字词,绕口令等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn24cKSSEaoGKy0siUTIhUzg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3) / zh、 ch 、sh、 r / 的练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoQUA6oWSwCsIUlYqZ1aH1f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"有人把它们与舌尖音相混,有人发成卷舌音,有人发得偏前,这一切都和口腔开度关系,练习时可以把牙关打开。练习开口韵时,不要两唇撅起,上下齿之间要留有距离。双唇撅起加个声筒,声音显得闷暗,造型也欠美。练习时,舌两边必须翻卷。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGkMoK6SMCSUoiA3apOxsig"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":659,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"发音练习","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcnYEw6MkMi0K2qMn9Tr1NwTd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":362,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"发音练习","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcnYYuu2yqIMSIEQN7V6eRyWb"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaOUmYgayOGSYeaFPKACS9d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaOUmYgayOGSYeaFPKACS9d"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":386,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"发音练习","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcnMAqEGqok4QqIeUuRl1Kgbh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":464,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"发音练习","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcnaqUACIgGGWIyqirPRB9A23"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnikKiIuuWqS44qkdrAAno7d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4) /n、l/的练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWEACauYuYyacyvreZdWatb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"配音中气流冲破成阻部位时,舌尖表现无力度,无弹性,使整个字音松散,失去准确性,产生/ n、l / 混乱现象,平时说的“唇舌无力”的“舌”就是舌尖音发音无力。成阻后,气流没有形成一定的压力,冲击成阻部位时,气流软弱,舌尖肌肉紧张不起来,因而除阻没力度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEoCy8ImWGC2m2swW6CGdeU"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"声母起领头作用,也有个别人没舌尖或者舌尖伸不出,这就更影响音准。发/n/没鼻音,舌尖顶不住上齿龈,一部分气流轻易跑到口腔外,进入鼻腔的气流减少,鼻音色彩冲淡。相反发 / l / 没有边音,舌尖顶满了上齿龈,就影响了音的准确。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMQqYswUQ80UYwzJIg6s8Xf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同时注意气息控制,让舌头灵活有力地弹动上齿龈,练习时应注意舌尖的力量。除口部训练操以外,还可以多练习音节表中/n、l 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